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Classical SAMBO
History of sambo and pictures of its founders can be found at the articles
"Russian martial arts"
and
"Creation of sambo"
.
According to A.A.Kharlampiev, all techniques of sambo wrestling can be divided to standup-
fighting techniques, ground-fighting techniques, shifting from standup-fighting to ground-fighting,
and shifting from ground-fighting to standup-fighting.
Standup-fighting methods
Standup-fighting methods include:
Stances, distances, preparing to catch, catches, moving, false movements. Preparing the
throws, initial positions for throws, beginnig of throws.
•
Breaking through the defend catches.
•
Standing-by and selfstanding-by.
•
Throws.
•
Combinations of throws.
•
Defence against throws.
•
Reply throws.
•
Distances
SAMBO has five kinds of distance:
1.
Non-catching distance
- sambists don't touch each other and are moving and making false
movements without catching the opponent.
2.
Long distance
- wrestlers catch the sleeves by one or both hands.
3.
Middle distance
- sambists cathch each other's cloth on the front of the body, or cathch the
sleeve by one hand and the cloth by another.
4.
Close distance
- wrestlers catch by one hand the sleeve or the front of the cloth, and the leg,
the collar or the back of the cloth by another one.
5.
Quarter distance
- sambists catch each other with pressing body to body, or with the
winding around the leg by own leg.
Catches
Catches are divided on main, reply, preparatory and defend.
Main catches
during standup-wrestling are catches needed for throws. Sambist makes such a
catch before opponent's catch.
•
Reply catches
during standup-wrestling are catches executed in reply to opponent's catch,
with using the situations. Reply catches also can be used for throws.
•
Defend catches
during standup-wrestling are catches needed to destroy opponent's
possibility for throw. Sometimes defend catch can be used by sambist for his own throw.
•
Preparatory catches
- catches, which make comfortable situations for main catches and
throws.
•
Throws
Throws are methods to fall opponent from standup-fighting to ground-fighting.
Throws, made by legs
During such a throw sambist's legs are used against opponent's legs or body, and play the main role
in a throw. If the throw is preceded by the catching of the opponent's leg - it ia also the throw, made
by legs. Throws, made by legs, are divided onto backheels,
zatsep
s,
podsechka
s,
podsad
s and
podbiv
s.
Backheels
("podnozhka" in russian) are throws, where sambist places his leg in front of,
behind or from one side of the opponent's leg or legs, and by hand's jerk shifts him over the
leg. During the throw both legs of sambist are placed on the ground. Backheels are divided
on front, back and side.
•
Zatsep
s are throws, where sambist use his own leg for "catching" the opponent's leg, and
then throw the opponent by removing his leg from under the centre of gravity and
disbalancing his body by hands. Zatsep can be executed by the shin, heel (Achilles tendon),
back of the foot. Simultaniously zatsep by the shin and foot of the same leg against one
opponent's leg is called
winding around
("obviv" in russian). Simultanious zatsep of the
popliteal flexion by the foot of one leg, and the Achilles tendon of another leg by another
foot is called
double zatsep
. Zatseps and windings can be executed as in standing position as
with the falling.
•
Podbiv
s are throws, where sambist use his shin or hip for kicking opponent's leg, and
simultaniously use hands for pulling in opposite direction.
Podhvat
is a throw, where
opponent's leg are kicked by the hip or shin from the front, outer or inner side. If the back of
the shin is used for kicking opponent's popliteal flexion, is throw is called
othvat
.
Podbiv
is
a throw, where front part of the shin is used for kicking opponent's popliteal flexion.
Dvoinoi podbiv
(double podbiv) is executed by two legs simulteniously in opposite
directions. Due to tradition this throw is called "scissors".
•
Podsechka
s are throws, where main move is sweeping opponent's foot, shin or knee by the
fingers' part of the foot. They are divided on front, back, side and from inside. They can be
executed as in standing position as with the falling.
•
Podsad
s are trhows, where sambists uses his leg to lift up opponent's legs or body, and then
uses hands to rotate opponent to the necessary direction. Podsads are divided on the podsads
by thigh, shin, back of the foot and bottom of the foot. Podsads to the body by the shin or
bottom of the foot, when opponent flys over the head of sambist, are called
throws over the
head
. Podsads by the thigh and by the shin can be executed as in standing position as with
the falling. Trows over the head, podsad of the body with the catching both heels and podsad
from inside by the back of foot are executed with falling only.
•
Throws, made by body
During such a throw sambist uses a part of his own body to toss up opponent's legs or body and
throws opponent over own body. Throws made by body are divided on throws over the pelvis,
throws over the shoulders, throws over the back, throws over the chest. Throws over the pelvis are
usually called
throws over the thigh
, throws over the shoulders -
"windmill"
.
Throws over the thigh
are throws where sambist uses his pelvis to toss up opponent's upper
legs and jerk by hands to the opposite direction. Throws over the thigh can be executed as in
standing position as with the falling.
•
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